La web 2.0 como un nuevo apoyo a la lactancia materna: percepción de madres y profesionales mediante un enfoque cualitativo / Web 2.0 as a new support for breastfeeding: Perception of mothers and professionals through a qualitative approach

Objetivo: El objetivo del presente trabajo es explorar la influencia de la web 2.0 como una red de apoyo complementaria a las redes tradicionales para el fomento de la lactancia materna (LM). Método: Estudio cualitativo explorativo, desarrollado del 8 de septiembre al 31 diciembre de 2022, en el Centro Sanitario «Las Vegas» (Corvera), Servicio de Salud del Principado de Asturias (SESPA). Las participantes fueron 5 profesionales expertas en LM y 7 madres lactantes, que constituyeron 2 grupos focales, seleccionadas por muestreo por conveniencia. El análisis consistió en transcripción de datos, lectura en profundidad, análisis mediante agrupación de conceptos y clasificación de la información en categorías. Resultados: Tras el análisis final se identificaron 7 categorías, organizadas según la proximidad del tema y el objetivo propuesto, a partir de los discursos más significativos del estudio: dificultades durante la LM, importancia de recibir ayuda, primeras redes de apoyo, otras redes de apoyo, un sistema sanitario con deficiencias, pandemia y LM 2.0, Salud 2.0 y app en LM: nueva forma de apoyo y características de una app sobre LM «ideal». Conclusiones: La web 2.0 ha revolucionado la forma en que las madres acceden a la información y al apoyo sobre LM, creando una red de ayuda en línea conectando a madres y profesionales de todo el mundo, proporciona información actualizada y posibilita una fuente de apoyo emocional mediante la creación de grupos de iguales. Esta influencia positiva de la web 2.0 ha tenido un impacto significativo en el fomento de la LM y el empoderamiento materno para tomar decisiones informadas sobre su proceso de amamantamiento.(AU)

Objective: The objective of this paper is to explore the influence of web 2.0 as a complementary support network to traditional networks for the promotion of breastfeeding (BF). Method: Qualitative and exploratory study carried out from September 8 to December 31, 2022, at the Las Vegas Health Centre (Corvera), Health Service of the Principality of Asturias (SESPA). The participants were 5 professional experts in BF and 7 breastfeeding mothers, who made up two focus groups, selected by convenience sampling. The analysis consisted of transcription of data, in-depth reading, analysis by grouping concepts and classification of the information into categories. Results: After the final analysis, seven categories were identified, organised according to the proximity of the topic and the proposed objective, based on the most significant discourses of the study: Difficulties during BF, Importance of receiving help: First support networks, Other support networks, A health system with deficiencies, Pandemic and BF 2.0, Health 2.0 and apps in BF: new form of support and Characteristics of an “ideal” app on BF. Conclusions: Web 2.0 has revolutionised the way mothers access information and support on BF, creating an online support network connecting mothers and professionals around the world, providing up-to-date information and enabling a source of emotional support through the creation of peer groups. This positive influence of web 2.0 has had a significant impact on promoting BF and empowering mothers to make informed decisions about their breastfeeding process.(AU)

Web 2.0 as a new support for breastfeeding: Perception of mothers and professionals through a qualitative approach.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this paper is to explore the influence of Web 2.0 as a complementary support network to traditional networks for the promotion of breastfeeding (BF). METHOD: Qualitative and exploratory study carried out from September 8 to December 31, 2022, at the Las Vegas Health Centre (Corvera), Health Service of the Principality of Asturias (SESPA). The participants were 5 professional experts in BF and 7 breastfeeding mothers, who made up two focus groups, selected by convenience sampling. The analysis consisted of transcription of data, in-depth reading, analysis by grouping concepts and classification of the information into categories. RESULTS: After the final analysis, seven categories were identified, organised according to the proximity of the topic and the proposed objective, based on the most significant discourses of the study: difficulties during BF, importance of receiving help: first support networks, other support networks, A health system with deficiencies, pandemic and BF 2.0, Health 2.0 and apps in BF: new form of support and characteristics of an "ideal" app on BF. CONCLUSIONS: Web 2.0 has revolutionised the way mothers access information and support on BF, creating an online support network connecting mothers and professionals around the world, providing up-to-date information and enabling a source of emotional support through the creation of peer groups. This positive influence of Web 2.0 has had a significant impact on promoting BF and empowering mothers to make informed decisions about their breastfeeding process.

Relação entre saúde mental de idosos do Distrito Federal e exposição a informações sobre COVID-19

A fim de conhecer o tempo e a frequência com que idosos se expõem a notícias e informações sobre a COVID-19 por diferentes mídias e relacioná-los com sintomas depressivos e de ansiedade, 154 idosos (M = 69,06) do Distrito Federal responderam a um questionário online. A amostra foi composta majoritariamente por mulheres, brancas, escolarizadas e com renda proveniente de aposentadoria e/ou pensão. Constatou-se que a televisão foi o meio de comunicação mais utilizado pelos participantes, seguido pelas redes sociais. Ao considerar características demográficas, idosos mais jovens (60 a 74 anos) e com ensino superior completo apresentaram maior exposição a notícias por meio das redes sociais do que os mais velhos e com menor escolaridade. Idosos com rastreio para depressão e transtorno de ansiedade generalizada permaneceram mais horas expostos a informações sobre a COVID-19 veiculadas pela televisão que idosos não rastreados. Além disso, aqueles com rastreio para depressão relataram maior frequência de exposição a esse conteúdo pela televisão e pelas redes sociais. Os resultados deste estudo revelam a necessidade de planejamento de medidas de promoção e prevenção em saúde específicas para a população idosa a fim de lidar com as consequências da pandemia e, especialmente, infodemia de COVID-19.

Para conocer el tiempo y la frecuencia con que los ancianos están expuestos a noticias e informaciones sobre el COVID-19 por diferentes medios de comunicación y relacionarlos con los síntomas depresivos y de ansiedad, 154 ancianos (m = 69,06) del Distrito Federal respondieron a un cuestionario online. La muestra estaba compuesta mayoritariamente por mujeres, de raza blanca, con estudios y con ingresos por jubilación y/o pensión. Se comprobó que la televisión era el medio de comunicación más utilizado por los participantes, seguido de las redes sociales. Teniendo en cuenta las características demográficas, los más jóvenes (60 a 74 años) y con estudios superiores completos presentan una mayor exposición a las noticias a través de las redes sociales que los más mayores y con menor escolaridad. Los ancianos con cribado de depresión y trastorno de ansiedad generalizada permanecieron más horas expuestos a la información sobre COVID-19 emitida por televisión que los ancianos no cribados. Además, los que se sometieron a pruebas de detección de la depresión informaron de una mayor frecuencia de exposición a este contenido por parte de la televisión y los medios sociales. Los resultados de este estudio revelan la necesidad de planificar medidas de promoción de la salud y de prevención específicas para la población de edad avanzada con el fin de hacer frente a las consecuencias de la pandemia y, especialmente, de la infodemia de COVID-19.

In order to know the time and frequency with which elderly are exposed to news and information about COVID-19 through different media and relate them with depressive and anxiety symptoms, 154 elderly (M = 69.06) from Distrito Federal answered an online questionnaire. The sample was composed mostly of women, white, educated, and with income from retirement and/or pension. It was found that television was the media most used by participants, followed by social networks. Considering demographic characteristics, younger elders (60 to 74 years old) and with complete college education had more exposure to news through social networks than the older ones and with less education. Elderly with screening for depression and generalized anxiety disorder remained exposed more hours to information about COVID-19 broadcast on television than unscreened elderly. In addition, those with screening for depression reported greater frequency of exposure to this content on television and social media. The results of this study reveal the need for health promotion and prevention measures planning specific to the elderly population to deal with the consequences of the pandemic and especially infodemic of COVID-19.

"Cê anda igual bandido!": o que dizem os jovens sobre a construção midiática do criminoso? / "You look like a thug!": how do young people view the media's construction of the criminal? / « "T'as l'air d'un voyou! ¼: comment les jeunes perçoivent-ils la construction médiatique du criminel? / "¡Pareces un bandido!': ¿qué dicen los jóvenes sobre la construcción del criminal en los medios de comunicación?

Resumo A partir do cenário brasileiro, marcado por diferentes expressões da violência, são construídas práticas midiáticas que representam a juventude pauperizada de forma a criminalizar tal grupo. Este artigo apresenta uma discussão a respeito dos sentidos produzidos por jovens de 14 a 16 anos sobre as representações midiáticas expressas por setores da mídia hegemônica. Trata-se de uma pesquisa participante, delineada a partir da perspectiva do sociólogo Orlando Fals-Borda e da ideia de coautoria de Mikhail Bakhtin. A pesquisa foi realizada em uma cidade do estado de Minas Gerais, e foram construídos sete grupos de discussão, em que reportagens nas quais jovens são associados a episódios tidos como criminosos foram discutidas. Por meio dos diálogos construídos, foi possível identificar que o conteúdo midiático pode resultar em uma série de violências nas vidas desses jovens, que resistem através da busca por estratégias criativas, envolvendo a arte e mídias alternativas.

Abstract From a scenario marked by different expressions of violence emerge media practices set on criminalizing impoverished youth. This article examines the meanings produced by youth aged 14 to 16 years about the media representations broadcasted by hegemonic sectors. A participative research designed based on sociologist Orlando Fals-Borda's work and Mikhail Bakhtin's co-authorship was conducted with youth from the state of Minas Gerais. Seven discussion groups were created to debate the association between youth and criminal activity on the news. Analysis of the dialogues showed that media content can impart a series of violence in their lives. However, they resist through creative strategies involving art and alternative media.

Résumé A partir d'un scénario marqué par différentes expressions de la violence ressortent des pratiques médiatiques visant à criminaliser la jeunesse appauvrie. Cet article discute les significations produits par des jeunes de 14 à 16 ans à propos des représentations médiatiques formulées par les secteurs hégémoniques. Une recherche intervenante, esquissée d'après la perspective du sociologue Orlando Fals-Borda et du concept de cocréation de Mikhail Bakhtin, a été réalisée dans une ville de l'État du Minas Gerais. Sept groupes de discussion ont été créé pour débattre des reportages où des jeunes sont associés à des épisodes criminels. L'analyse des dialogues a montré que le contenu des médias peut mener à une série de violences dans leur vie. Pourtant, ils résistent grâce à des stratégies créatives faisant appel à l'art et aux médias alternatifs.

Resumen A partir del escenario brasileño, marcado por diferentes expresiones de violencia, se construyen prácticas mediáticas, para criminalizar a la juventude más pobre. Este artículo discute los sentidos producidos por jóvenes de 14 a 16 años respecto a las representaciones mediáticas, expressadas por sectores de los medios hegemónicos. Se trata de una investigação participante, diseñada a partir de la perspectiva del sociólogo Orlando Fals-Borda y la idea de coautoría de Mikhail Bakhtin. La investigación fue realizada en una ciudad del estado de Minas Gerais, mediante siete grupos de discusión, donde se analizaron las asociaciones que hacen de los jóvenes con episodios delictivos. A partir de los diálogos establecidos, se encontró que lo proyectado por los medios de comuncación puede resultar de considerables violencias en la vida de aquellos jóvenes, quienes se resisten a través de la búsqueda de estrategias creativas como el arte y medios alternativos.

YouTube® as a source of information for Spanish-speaking patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

INTRODUCTION: Social media (SoMe) has reshaped access to health information, which may benefit patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), although an evaluation of the characteristics of contents for Spanish-speaking patients is lacking. We aimed to assess patient engagement, reliability, comprehensiveness, and quality of data uploaded to YouTube® for Spanish-speaking patients. METHODS: We evaluated the videos uploaded to YouTube® in Spanish about RA. Information about video length, engagement (i.e., views, likes, popularity index), time online, and the source was retrieved; we appraised reliability (DISCERN), comprehensiveness (content score), and quality (Global Quality Score) using standardized scores. RESULTS: We included 200 videos in the study and classified 67% of the videos as useful. These videos had a higher number of views (19,491 [10,132-61,162] vs. 11,208 [8183-20,538]), a longer time online (1156 [719-2254] vs. 832 [487-1708] days), and a shorter duration (6.3 [3.4-15.8] vs. 11.8 [7.4-20.3] min). Engagement parameters were similar between useful and misleading videos. Useful videos had higher reliability, comprehensiveness, and quality scores. Useful videos were mainly uploaded by independent users and government/news agencies; academic organizations offered only 15% of useful videos. CONCLUSIONS: Most of the information in YouTube® for Spanish-speaking patients with RA is useful; however, patient engagement is similar between useful and misleading content. More substantial involvement of academia in developing high-quality educational multimedia is warranted.

Percepción de usuarios de Facebook sobre la vacuna contra el VPH en publicaciones del Ministerio de Salud de Perú a partir de procesamiento de lenguaje natural

El objetivo de este estudio fue describir las percepciones de los usuarios de Facebook que realizaron comentarios, en las publicaciones realizadas desde la cuenta oficial del Ministerio de Salud de Perú (MINSA), referentes a la campaña de vacunación contra el VPH. Se analizaron 2748 comentarios en Python con procesamiento de lenguaje natural. Con este proceso se obtuvieron palabras claves que luego fueron interpretadas de manera manual. Se encontraron mayoritariamente cuatro tipos de discursos dentro de ellos: a) apoyo a la publicación sobre la vacuna contra el VPH; b) rechazo a la vacuna contra el VPH; c) Vacuna contra el VPH en niños; d) Dudas sobre la vacuna contra el VPH. En su mayoría, los usuarios que expresaron una postura de rechazo de esta vacuna se respaldaban de links a noticias donde se presentaba un evento supuestamente atribuido a la vacunación o inmunización pero que carecía de una fuente de información confiable y/o verificable.

The objective of this study was to describe the perceptions of Facebook users who commented on posts made by the official account of the Ministry of Health of Peru (MINSA) regarding the HPV vaccination campaign. We analyzed 2748 comments in Python with natural language processing. With this process we obtained keywords that were then interpreted manually. We found mostly four types of discourse, within them: a) support for the publications of the HPV vaccine; b) refusal of the HPV vaccine; c) HPV vaccine in children; d) doubts about the HPV vaccine. For the most part, users who expressed a position against this vaccine relied on links to online news stories that presented an event supposedly attributed to vaccination or immunization but lacked a reliable and/or verifiable source of information.

YouTube® as a source of information for Spanish-speaking patients with rheumatoid arthritis / YouTube® como fuente de información para pacientes hispanohablantes con artritis reumatoide

Introduction: Social media (SoMe) has reshaped access to health information, which may benefit patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), although an evaluation of the characteristics of contents for Spanish-speaking patients is lacking. We aimed to assess patient engagement, reliability, comprehensiveness, and quality of data uploaded to YouTube® for Spanish-speaking patients. Methods: We evaluated the videos uploaded to YouTube® in Spanish about RA. Information about video length, engagement (i.e., views, likes, popularity index), time online, and the source was retrieved; we appraised reliability (DISCERN), comprehensiveness (content score), and quality (Global Quality Score) using standardized scores. Results: We included 200 videos in the study and classified 67% of the videos as useful. These videos had a higher number of views (19,491 [10,132–61,162] vs. 11,208 [8183–20,538]), a longer time online (1156 [719–2254] vs. 832 [487–1708] days), and a shorter duration (6.3 [3.4–15.8] vs. 11.8 [7.4–20.3] min). Engagement parameters were similar between useful and misleading videos. Useful videos had higher reliability, comprehensiveness, and quality scores. Useful videos were mainly uploaded by independent users and government/news agencies; academic organizations offered only 15% of useful videos. Conclusions: Most of the information in YouTube® for Spanish-speaking patients with RA is useful; however, patient engagement is similar between useful and misleading content. More substantial involvement of academia in developing high-quality educational multimedia is warranted.(AU)

Introducción: Las redes sociales (ReSo) han redefinido el acceso a la información en salud, beneficiando a los pacientes con artritis reumatoide (AR). No se cuenta con una evaluación de las características de su contenido para pacientes hispanohablantes. Nuestro objetivo fue evaluar los parámetros de interacción, la confiabilidad, la exhaustividad y la calidad de la información disponible en YouTube® para pacientes hispanohablantes con AR. Métodos: Evaluamos los videos en español sobre AR disponibles en YouTube®. Se extrajo información sobre la duración del video, los parámetros de interacción (por ejemplo, vistas, likes, índice de popularidad), el tiempo en línea y la fuente generadora. Estimamos la confiabilidad (DISCERN), la exhaustividad (puntaje de contenido) y la calidad (Global Quality Score) utilizando puntajes estandarizados. Resultados: Incluimos 200 videos en el estudio y clasificamos a 67% como videos útiles. Estos videos tuvieron un mayor número de vistas (19.491 [10.132-61.162] vs. 11.208 [8.183-20.538]), un mayor tiempo en línea (1.156 [719-2.254] vs. 832 [487-1.708] días) y una menor duración (6,3 [3,4-15,8] vs. 11,8 [7,4-20,3] min). Los parámetros de interacción fueron similares entre los videos útiles y los no útiles. Los videos útiles presentaron puntajes mayores de confiabilidad, exhaustividad y calidad; en su mayoría fueron generados por usuarios independientes y por organizaciones gubernamentales/agencias de noticias. Las organizaciones académicas generaron únicamente 15% de los videos útiles. Conclusiones: La mayoría de la información en YouTube® para pacientes hispanohablantes con AR es útil. Sin embargo, los parámetros de interacción son similares entre los videos útiles y los no útiles. Se requiere una mayor participación de las organizaciones académicas en el desarrollo de multimedia educativo de alta calidad.(AU)

Noticias de suicidio en canales de televisión peruanos: evaluación del cumplimiento de las recomendaciones de la OMS para su notificación / Suicide news on peruvian television channels: evaluation of compliance with WHO's reporting recommendations

Objetivo. Determinar el cumplimiento a las recomendaciones de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) de las noticias sobre suicidio emitidas por canales de la televisión peruana. Materiales y métodos. Estudio cuantitativo y descriptivo. La unidad de análisis fueron las noticias de suicidio emitidas por ocho canales de televisión peruana durante los años 2020 y 2021. Las noticias se clasificaron en tres categorías: noticias sobre suicidio, intento de suicidio y prevención del suicidio. Se utilizó un instrumento de evaluación compuesto por las recomendaciones de la OMS. Resultados. Se analizaron un total de 126 noticias. Ninguna de estas noticias cumplió en su totalidad con las recomendaciones de la OMS. Las noticias sobre suicidio o intento de suicidio cumplieron con 4 de 13 recomendaciones, siendo la recomendación más acatada la de evitar publicar notas suicidas (97,4%), mientras que la menos cumplida fue la de instruir a la población sobre el suicidio y su prevención, y no difundir mitos (0,9%). Las noticias de prevención de suicidio cumplieron 5 de 7 recomendaciones. Conclusiones. Las noticias sobre suicidio emitidas en la televisión peruana en los años 2020 y 2021 mostraron un bajo cumplimiento a las recomendaciones de la OMS. Los profesionales de la comunicación tienen un rol fundamental en la prevención del suicidio, limitando la información sensible y difundiendo información de ayuda. Es fundamental el conocimiento de estas recomendaciones por los comunicadores, y el trabajo conjunto entre el equipo periodístico y los profesionales de la salud mental en la comunicación de noticias relacionadas con el suicidio.

Objective. To determine if suicide news reports broadcasted by Peruvian television channels comply with the World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations for reporting suicide news. Materials and methods. Quantitative and descriptive study. The unit of analysis was the suicide news broadcasted by eight Peruvian television channels during the years 2020 and 2021. News were classified into three categories: news about suicide, attempted suicide and suicide prevention. We used an evaluation instrument composed of WHO recommendations. Results. A total of 126 news reports were analyzed; but none of these complied fully with the WHO recommendations. The news reports on suicide or attempted suicide complied with 4 of 13 recommendations. Most reports complied with avoiding to publish suicide notes (97.4%); on the other hand, educating about suicide and its prevention, and not disseminating myths was the recommendation least complied with (0.9%). Suicide prevention news reports complied with 5 of 7 recommendations. Conclusions. Suicide news reports on Peruvian television in 2020 and 2021 showed low compliance with WHO recommendations. Communication professionals have a fundamental role in suicide prevention, limiting sensitive information and disseminating helpful information. It is essential for communicators to be aware of these recommendations and for the journalism team and mental health professionals to work together in the communication of news related to suicide.

Medios de Comunicación y Violencia Simbólica frente a la Comunidad LGTBIQ+: Hechos ante la Viruela del Mono

En el contexto actual, los medios de comunicación están en la misión de informar, empleando un lenguaje apropiado y el recelo debido para no incurrir en violencia simbólica. En este sentido, se ha realizado un estudio sobre los estereotipos, prejuicios, estigmas y discriminación que enfrenta la comunidad LGTBIQ+ en relación con la viruela símica. El objetivo principal de esta investigación es generar conciencia sobre la construcción social de identidades y evitar atribuciones incoherentes, a fin de promover un espacio social inclusivo y establecer un marco para las políticas e iniciativas privadas, gubernamentales o supranacionales. Para ello, se han utilizado técnicas de análisis analítico-reflexivo de tipo empírico propositivo y análisis fenomenológico interpretativo, revisando sistemáticamente tres bases de datos: ScIELO, SCOPUS y Web of Science. Se concluye que la comunidad LGTBIQ+ ha sido objeto de violencia simbólica históricamente, exacerbada en gran medida, por los medios de comunicación. En este sentido, es necesario garantizar una representación justa y respetuosa de esta comunidad para lograr una sociedad inclusiva y equitativa. En consecuencia, se sugiere profundizar en los imaginarios, estereotipos, prejuicios, estigmas y discriminación hacia la comunidad LGTBIQ+ en poblaciones específicas. Este estudio contribuye a la comprensión de la problemática que enfrenta la comunidad LGTBIQ+ y ofrece recomendaciones importantes para avanzar hacia una sociedad más justa y respetuosa.

Currently, the mission of media is to provide information, using appropriate language and due caution to avoid incurring symbolic violence, particularly in the field of health. In this regard, a study has been conducted on the stereotypes, prejudices, stigmas, and discrimination faced by the LGTBIQ+ community in relation to Monkeypox. The main objective of this research is to raise awareness about the social construction of identities and avoid inconsistent attributions, in order to promote an inclusive social space and establish a framework for private, government, or supranational policies and initiatives. To this end, empirical-propositional analytical-reflective techniques and interpretative phenomenological analysis have been used, systematically reviewing three databases: ScIELO, SCOPUS, and Web of Science. It is concluded that the LGTBIQ+ community has historically been subject to symbolic violence, greatly exacerbated by media. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure a fair and respectful representation of this community to achieve an inclusive and equitable society. Consequently, further investigation into the imaginaries, stereotypes, prejudices, stigmas, and discrimination towards the LGTBIQ+ community in specific populations is suggested. This study contributes to understanding the issues faced by the LGTBIQ+ community and provides important recommendations for advancing towards a more fair and respectful society.

No contexto atual, os meios de comunicação estão em uma missão de informar, utilizando uma linguagem apropriada e cautela para não incorrer em violência simbólica. Nesse sentido, foi realizado um estudo sobre os estereótipos, preconceitos, estigmas e discriminação enfrentados pela comunidade LGTBIQ+ em relação à varíola símia. O objetivo principal desta pesquisa é gerar conscientização sobre a construção social de identidades e evitar atribuições incoerentes, a fim de promover um espaço social inclusivo e estabelecer um quadro para políticas e iniciativas privadas, governamentais ou supranacionais. Para isso, foram utilizadas técnicas de análise analítico-reflexiva de tipo empírico propositivo e análise fenomenológica interpretativa, revisando sistematicamente três bases de dados: ScIELO, SCOPUS e Web of Science. Conclui-se que a comunidade LGTBIQ+ tem sido historicamente objeto de violência simbólica, exacerbada em grande medida pelos meios de comunicação. Nesse sentido, é necessário garantir uma representação justa e respeitosa dessa comunidade para alcançar uma sociedade inclusiva e equitativa. Consequentemente, sugere-se aprofundar os imaginários, estereótipos, preconceitos, estigmas e discriminação em relação à comunidade LGTBIQ+ em populações específicas. Este estudo contribui para a compreensão dos problemas enfrentados pela comunidade LGTBIQ+ e oferece importantes recomendações para avançar em direção a uma sociedade mais justa e respeitosa.

Condutas não profissionais no uso das mídias sociais por estudantes da área da saúde: revisão integrativa da literatura / Unprofessional conduct in the use of social media by medical, nursing and dental students: integrative literature review / Conducta no profesional en el uso de las redes sociales por estudiantes del área de la salud: revisión integrativa de la literatura

O objetivo deste artigo é revelar o comportamento nas mídias sociais de estudantes de cursos de graduação na área da saúde do ponto de vista da ética profissional. Realizou-se uma revisão integrativa da literatura com base na pergunta norteadora: "Há condutas não profissionais na produção de conteúdo nas mídias sociais por estudantes da área da saúde?". Foram encontrados 495 estudos nas bases de dados pesquisadas. Destes, dez atenderam aos critérios de inclusão. Os estudos incluídos haviam sido feitos com estudantes dos cursos de enfermagem, medicina e odontologia. Todos demonstraram sua má conduta nas mídias sociais em algum momento. Há mais relatos de visualizações de condutas antiprofissionais nos perfis de outros colegas do que autorrelatos quanto a esse aspecto. Conclui-se que é evidente a má conduta, nas mídias sociais, de estudantes de enfermagem, medicina e odontologia

This article aims to reveal the behavior of medical, nursing and dental students from the point of view of professional ethics on social media. An integrative review was carried out based on the research question: "Are there unprofessional behaviors in the production of content on social media by medical, nursing and dental students?". A total of 495 studies, of which ten have satisfied the inclusion criteria, were found in the searched databases. The included studies had been carried out with students from universities for nursing, medical and dentistry education. Everyone has demonstrated misconduct on social media at a moment or other. There are more assertions that they see unprofessional behaviors in the profiles of other colleagues than self-assertions regarding this aspect. We can conclude that the misconduct of medical, nursing and dental students on social networks is evident

El objetivo de este artículo es revelar el comportamiento, en las redes sociales, de los estudiantes de cursos del área de la salud del punto de vista de la ética profesional. Se realizó una revisión integrativa a partir de la pregunta de investigación: "¿Existen comportamientos no profesionales en la producción de contenidos en redes sociales por parte de estudiantes del área de la salud?". Se encontraron 495 estudios, de los cuales diez han cumplido los criterios de inclusión, en las bases de datos investigadas. Los estudios habían sido realizados con estudiantes de los cursos de enfermería, medicina y odontología. Todos ellos han demostrado mala conducta en las redes sociales en algún momento. Hay más afirmaciones acerca de visualizaciones de comportamientos no profesionales en los perfiles de otros compañeros que autoaserciones sobre este aspecto. Es posible concluir que la mala conducta de estudiantes de enfermería, medicina y odontologíaen las redes sociales es evidente

Recursos digitais na promoção da saúde mental de trabalhadores: Protocolo de revisão sistemática / Recursos digitales en la promoción de la salud mental de trabajadores: Protocolo de revisión sistemática / Digital resources in the promotion of workers' mental health: Systematic review protocol

Introdução: Os agravos decorrentes das cargas psíquicas de trabalho são expressos no corpo do mesmo pela ocorrência de doenças ocupacionais, principalmente em trabalhadores da saúde, que estão diretamente ligados aos pacientes. Objetivo: Analisar as evidências científicas disponíveis na literatura, sobre o uso de recursos digitais na promoção da saúde mental de trabalhadores da saúde, os quais serão considerados neste estudo, todos aqueles que têm contato direto com pacientes. Método: Protocolo de revisão sistemática segundo o Manual Cochrane, onde utilizará o anagrama PICOS para Patient, Intervention, Comparator, Outcomes e Study design no desenvolvimento da pesquisa. Serão consultadas as plataformas: Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde, banco de dados produzido pela Associação Americana de Psicologia, banco de dados da Elsevier, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials e a base da Clarivate Analytics. Resultados: Serão apresentados em forma narrativa, com esquemas, tabelas e quadros. Conclusão: O protocolo de pesquisa garante o rigor metodológico do processo de revisão. Dessa forma espera-se encontrar evidências de intervenções por meios digitais que promovam a saúde mental do trabalhador.

Introducción: Las lesiones resultantes de las cargas de trabajo psíquicas se expresan en el organismo por la ocurrencia de enfermedades profesionales; principalmente en trabajadores de la salud, quienes tienen vínculo directo con pacientes. Objetivo: Analizar la evidencia científica disponible en la literatura sobre el uso de recursos digitales para promover la salud mental de trabajadores de la salud, considerando a quienes tienen contacto directo con pacientes. Método: Se trata de un protocolo de revisión sistemática según el Manual Cochrane, donde se utilizará el anagrama PICOS para paciente, intervención, comparador, resultados y diseño de estudios en el desarrollo de la investigación. Se consultarán las siguientes plataformas: Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences, una base de datos producida por la American Psychological Association, la base de datos de Elsevier, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, que es la base de Clarivate Analytics. Resultados: Se presentarán de forma narrativa, con esquemas, tablas y gráficos. Conclusión: El protocolo de investigación garantiza el rigor metodológico del proceso de revisión. De esta forma, se espera encontrar evidencias de intervenciones a través de medios digitales que promuevan la salud mental de la persona trabajadora.

Introduction: The human body expresses the injuries resulting from psychic workloads by the occupational diseases, mainly in health workers, who are directly linked to the patients. Objective: To analyze the scientific evidence available in the literature about the use of digital resources to promote the mental health of health workers who will be then considered for this study (all who had had direct contact with patients). Method: this is a systematic review protocol that follows the Cochrane manual and that will use the PICOS anagram for Patient, Intervention, Comparator, Outcomes and Study design during the development of the research. The following platforms will be consulted: Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences, a database produced by the American Psychological Association, Elsevier's database, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (a foundation of Clarivate Analytics). Results: The results will be presented in narrative form, with graphs, tables and charts. Conclusion: The research protocol guarantees the methodological rigor of the review process. In this way, it is expected to find evidence of interventions through digital means that promote the mental health of the worker.

YouTube® in Spanish as an information source for patients with autoimmune hepatitis.

INTRODUCTION AND AIM: A large number of patients with autoimmune hepatitis (AH) seek information about their disease on the Internet. The reliability, comprehensiveness, and quality of said information in Spanish has not been studied. Our aim was to describe the characteristics of the information about AH on YouTube®. METHODS: An analytic observational study evaluated videos in Spanish about AH available on YouTube®, describing their general characteristics, viewer engagement, and information sources. Standardized tools were utilized to analyze reliability (DISCERN), comprehensiveness, and overall quality (Global Quality Score [GQS]). RESULTS: One hundred videos were included, 93% of which provided information from healthcare professionals (group 1), and 7% of which reflected patient opinions (group 2). There were differences in the median reliability (DISCERN 4 vs 2, p ≤ 0.05) and comprehensiveness (4 vs 2, p ≤ 0.05) scores between groups, but equal overall quality (GQS 3 vs 2, p = 0.2). Reliability (DISCERN 4; RIC 3-4) and comprehensiveness (4.5; IQR 3-5) were higher in videos by professional organizations, compared with those by independent users, healthcare information websites, and for-profit organizations (DISCERN 3; IQR 2.5-3.5) (p < 0.001). Reliability (DISCERN 2; IQR 1.5-3), comprehensiveness (2; IQR 1.5-2.5), and quality (GQS 2.5; IQR 1.5-3.5) were lower for videos made by for-profit organizations. CONCLUSION: The majority of videos about AH in Spanish on YouTube® have good reliability, comprehensiveness, and quality. Videos created by academic organizations had higher scores, thus their collaboration, with respect to patient opinion videos, is suggested.

YouTube® in Spanish as a source of information for patients with inflammatory bowel disease.

INTRODUCTION AND AIM: The majority of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) seek information about their disease on the Internet. The reliability, comprehensiveness, and quality of said information in Spanish has not previously been studied. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An analytic observational study was conducted that included YouTube® videos on IBD available in Spanish, describing general characteristics, engagement, and sources. Standard tools for evaluating reliability (DISCERN), comprehensiveness, and overall quality (Global Quality Score, GQS) were employed. RESULTS: One hundred videos were included. Eighty-eight videos consisted of information produced by healthcare professionals (group 1) and 12 included patient opinions (group 2). There were no differences in the median scores for reliability (DISCERN 3 vs 3, p = 0.554) or comprehensiveness (3 vs 2.5, p = 0.768) between the two groups, but there was greater overall quality in the group 2 videos (GQS 3 vs 4, p = 0.007). Reliability was higher for the videos produced by professional organizations (DISCERN 4; IQR 3-4), when compared with healthcare information websites and for-profit agencies (DISCERN 3; IQR 2.5-3.5) (p < 0.001), but the videos with healthcare information website and for-profit sources had a higher quality score (GQS 3 vs 4, p < 0.001). Comprehensiveness scores were similar. CONCLUSION: The majority of YouTube® videos in Spanish on IBD have good reliability, comprehensiveness, and quality. Reliability was greater for the videos produced by professional organizations, whereas quality was higher for those created from healthcare information websites and for-profit agencies.

Adaptación y validación del “Cuestionario de exposición a la violencia” en jóvenes / Adaptation and validation of the “Questionnaire exposure to violence” in young people

Desde hace poco más de una década la violencia interpersonal ha impactado la vida cotidiana de la población mexicana, particularmente la de los adolescentes. Con la intención de contar con un instrumento que permita valorar la percepción de eventos violentos en distintos contextos, se planteó el objetivo de adaptar y validar el “Cuestionario exposición a la violencia” (CEV); al que se le agregó un grupo de ítems relacionados con la exposición a eventos violentos a través de los medios de comunicación (TV, redes sociales y plataformas de entretenimiento). Los hallazgos muestran que el CEV cuenta con una alta calidad psicométrica con adolescentes mexicanos y, que, la inclusión de ítems relacionados con la percepción de la ocurrencia de eventos violentos en medios de comunicación resultó de utilidad para evaluar la violencia con esta escala. El modelo obtenido en el análisis factorial confirmatorio mostró índices absolutos (GFI, AGFI, CFI, RMSEA y NFI Delta1) por encima del mínimo aceptable, mostrando dos factores claramente definidos, la percepción de violencia en contextos físicos y en medios de comunicación. (AU)

For just over a decade, interpersonal violence has impacted the daily life of the Mexican population, particularly adolescents. With the aim of having an instrument that assesses the perception of violent events in different contexts, the objective was to adapt and validate the “Questionnaire exposure to violence” (CEV), to which was added a group of items related to exposure to violent events through the mass media (TV, social networks and streaming). The findings show that the CEV has a high psychometric quality in the Mexican adolescent population, and that the inclusion of items related to the perception of the occurrence of violent events through the mass media proved to be useful to evaluate violence on this scale. The model obtained in the confirmatory factor analysis was verified by means of absolute indices (GFI, AGFI, CFI, RMSEA and NFI Delta1), which were above the minimum acceptable, showing two clearly defined factors: the perception of violence in physical contexts and in mass media contexts. (AU)

Factores asociados al miedo por la información recibida durante la pandemia en policías y militares peruanos

Introducción: Para policías y militares, el acceso a información idónea y veraz siempre ha sido importante; durante la pandemia la necesidad fue aún mayor debido a las labores que les fueron asignadas, como parte de la primera línea frente a la pandemia por la COVID-19. Objetivo: Determinar los factores asociados al miedo por la información recibida durante la pandemia en policías y militares peruanos. Métodos: Estudio transversal con técnicas analíticas, se encuestó a 1 017 policías y militares peruanos durante la pandemia, para ello se usó un test validado para medir la percepción de miedo o preocupación que transmitían los medios de comunicación, se informaron las frecuencias y resultados analíticos. Resultados: Los encuestados percibieron mucho miedo a las redes sociales (22 % muy de acuerdo y 36 % de acuerdo) y la televisión (20 % muy de acuerdo y 32 % de acuerdo). En el modelo multivariado, los militares percibían menos miedo en comparación de los policías (RPa: 0,65; IC95 %: 0,49-0,88; valor p= 0,004), además, internet fue el medio que generó una mayor frecuencia de percepción de miedo entre los encuestados (RPa: 1,65; IC95 %: 1,04-2,61; valor p= 0,032), ajustado por 3 variables. Conclusión: La televisión y las redes sociales son los principales medios que generaron miedo entre los policías y militares; además, el estar asustado estuvo más asociado a informarse por internet.

Introduction: For police and military, access to suitable and truthful information has always been important, during the pandemic the need was even greater due to the tasks assigned to them as part of the front line against the COVID-19 pandemic. Objective: To determine the factors associated with fear of pandemic information received by Peruvian police and military personnel. Methods: Cross-sectional study with analytical procedures, 1 017 Peruvian police and military were surveyed, through surveys conducted during the pandemic, a validated test was used to measure the perception of fear or concern transmitted by the media, the frequencies and analytical results were reported. Results: The respondents perceived a lot of fear of social networks (22% strongly agree and 36% agree) and television (20% strongly agree and 32% agree). In the multivariate model, the military perceived less fear compared to the police (aPR: 0.65; CI95%: 0.49-0.88; value p= 0.004), in addition, the Internet was the medium that generated a greater frequency of perception of fear among the respondents (aPR: 1.65; CI95%: 1.04-2.61; value p= 0.032), adjusted for 3 variables. Conclusion: Television and social networks are the main media that generate fear among police and military; in addition, being scared was more associated with being informed through the Internet.

Una aproximación práctica al marketing digital en salud

El enfoque del marketing digital se ha trasladado en las últimas décadas al campo de la salud, dando lugar a la creación de diversas estrategias que facilitan tanto la comunicación e interacción entre los profesionales de la salud y los pacientes. Estas pueden aplicarse en tres grandes etapas: la captación, la retención y el seguimiento de los pacientes, con una gama amplia de alternativas que varían desde la creación de un sitio web personal hasta la participación del profesional en equipos de salud con un enfoque de atención multidisciplinaria, mediante diversas plataformas o aplicaciones digitales. El uso de estas modalidades ha traído consigo múltiples beneficios, desde una atención integral de los pacientes hasta el incremento de la oferta de los diferentes servicios en salud y la opción de la participación en estudios científicos de gran aporte para la comunidad. Así, el marketing digital en salud representa un gran avance en este gremio y se vaticina de alto impacto para la sociedad.

The focus of digital marketing has moved in recent decades to the health field, giving rise to create different strategies that facilitate both communication and interaction between health! professionals and patients. The application has three main stages: the recruitment, retention, and follow-up of patients, with a wide range of alternatives that vary from creating a personal website to multidisciplinary professional participation in health teams for patients through various platforms or digital applications. Using these modalities brought multiple benefits, from comprehensive patient care, including increased supply of different health services and the option of participating in scientific studies of significant contribution to the community. Thus, digital marketing in health represents a fundamental advance in this guild and a high impact on society.

Creating Peru's patient zero: pandemic narratives through traditional and social media / Creando el paciente cero de Perú: narrativas sobre la pandemia a través de los medios de comunicación tradicionales y sociales

Abstract During the covid-19 pandemic, authorities, journalists, and the public used the term patient zero to refer to the first diagnosed patient. However, experts describe the term as imprecise because it equates the first infected patient with the first identified one. Although the term's inaccuracy, patients zero became relevant actors and sources of information during the pandemic. This was the case with the Peruvian patient zero, who had public media participation and opened his Instagram to establish a communication channel with the public. Despite knowing the term's inaccuracy, he felt responsible for the audience and sought to give his testimony. The Peruvian case shows how patients zero respond to the public interest and establish their agency through traditional and social media.

Resumen El coronavirus hizo que autoridades, periodistas y público designaran "paciente cero" al primer diagnosticado, aunque los especialistas calificaran al término como impreciso por equiparar el primer paciente infectado con el primero identificado. A pesar de esa inexactitud, pacientes cero se tornaron actores y fuentes de información relevante durante la pandemia. Fue el caso del paciente cero peruano, que participó en los medios de comunicación y abrió su Instagram para establecer un canal con el público. Conociendo la inexactitud del término, asimismo trató de dar su testimonio para aclarar la audiencia. El caso peruano muestra cómo pacientes cero responden al interés público y establecen sus acciones mediante los medios tradicionales y sociales.

Implications of the pandemic for the construction of nurses' identity based on the journalistic media / Implicaciones de la pandemia para la construcción de la identidad de los enfermeros a partir de los medios periodísticos / Implicações da pandemia para a construção da identidade das enfermeiras a partir da mídia jornalística

ABSTRACT Objectives: to analyze the work of nurses portrayed in the journalistic media and its impact on the construction of professional nursing identity. Methods: this is qualitative, retrospective, descriptive and documentary research, with 51 reports from Folha de São Paulo. Time frame from March to December 2020. Thematic Content Analysis carried out from Claude Dubar's theoretical perspective. Organization and coding of data performed with the help of ATLAS.ti®. Results: three categories emerged: Working conditions in the pandemic - a problem that worsened; Impacts of the pandemic on daily work; Feelings generated by the pandemic. Conclusions: despite adversities, such as the precariousness of health institutions, inadequate working conditions for nurses, lack of basic items of individual protection, negative feelings and hopelessness, these professionals used their knowledge, skills and innovations in the act of caring, which contributed to reconstructing their professional identity.

RESUMEN Objetivos: analizar el trabajo de los enfermeros retratados en los medios periodísticos y su impacto en la construcción de la identidad profesional de enfermería. Métodos: investigación cualitativa, retrospectiva, descriptiva y documental, con 51 informes de Folha de São Paulo. Periodo de tiempo de marzo a diciembre de 2020. El Análisis de Contenido Temático se realizó desde la perspectiva teórica de Claude Dubar. La organización y codificación de los datos se realizó con la ayuda del software ATLAS.ti®. Resultados: surgieron tres categorías: Condiciones de trabajo en la pandemia - un problema que se agravó; Impactos de la pandemia en el trabajo diario; Sentimientos generados por la pandemia. Conclusiones: a pesar de las adversidades, como la precariedad de las instituciones de salud, condiciones de trabajo inadecuadas para las enfermeras, falta de elementos básicos de protección individual, sentimientos negativos y desesperanza, estos profesionales utilizaron sus conocimientos, habilidades e innovaciones en el acto de cuidar, lo que contribuyó a la reconstrucción de su identidad profesional.

RESUMO Objetivos: analisar o trabalho das enfermeiras retratado na mídia jornalística e seu impacto na construção da identidade profissional da enfermagem. Métodos: pesquisa qualitativa, retrospectiva, descritiva e documental, com 51 reportagens da Folha de São Paulo. Recorte temporal de março a dezembro de 2020. Análise de Conteúdo Temática foi realizada sob a perspectiva teórica de Claude Dubar. Organização e codificação dos dados foram realizados com o auxílio do software ATLAS.ti®. Resultados: emergiram três categorias: Condições de trabalho na pandemia - um problema que se agravou; Impactos da pandemia no cotidiano de trabalho; Sentimentos gerados pela pandemia. Conclusões: apesar de adversidades, como precariedade das instituições de saúde, condições inadequadas de trabalho das enfermeiras, falta de itens básicos de proteção individual, dos sentimentos negativos e desesperança, essas profissionais utilizaram seus conhecimentos, habilidades e inovações no ato de cuidar, o que contribuiu para a reconstrução de sua identidade profissional.

Implications of the pandemic for the construction of nurses' identity based on the journalistic media / Implicaciones de la pandemia para la construcción de la identidad de los enfermeros a partir de los medios periodísticos / Implicações da pandemia para a construção da identidade das enfermeiras a partir da mídia jornalística

ABSTRACT Objectives: to analyze the work of nurses portrayed in the journalistic media and its impact on the construction of professional nursing identity. Methods: this is qualitative, retrospective, descriptive and documentary research, with 51 reports from Folha de São Paulo. Time frame from March to December 2020. Thematic Content Analysis carried out from Claude Dubar's theoretical perspective. Organization and coding of data performed with the help of ATLAS.ti®. Results: three categories emerged: Working conditions in the pandemic - a problem that worsened; Impacts of the pandemic on daily work; Feelings generated by the pandemic. Conclusions: despite adversities, such as the precariousness of health institutions, inadequate working conditions for nurses, lack of basic items of individual protection, negative feelings and hopelessness, these professionals used their knowledge, skills and innovations in the act of caring, which contributed to reconstructing their professional identity.

RESUMEN Objetivos: analizar el trabajo de los enfermeros retratados en los medios periodísticos y su impacto en la construcción de la identidad profesional de enfermería. Métodos: investigación cualitativa, retrospectiva, descriptiva y documental, con 51 informes de Folha de São Paulo. Periodo de tiempo de marzo a diciembre de 2020. El Análisis de Contenido Temático se realizó desde la perspectiva teórica de Claude Dubar. La organización y codificación de los datos se realizó con la ayuda del software ATLAS.ti®. Resultados: surgieron tres categorías: Condiciones de trabajo en la pandemia - un problema que se agravó; Impactos de la pandemia en el trabajo diario; Sentimientos generados por la pandemia. Conclusiones: a pesar de las adversidades, como la precariedad de las instituciones de salud, condiciones de trabajo inadecuadas para las enfermeras, falta de elementos básicos de protección individual, sentimientos negativos y desesperanza, estos profesionales utilizaron sus conocimientos, habilidades e innovaciones en el acto de cuidar, lo que contribuyó a la reconstrucción de su identidad profesional.

RESUMO Objetivos: analisar o trabalho das enfermeiras retratado na mídia jornalística e seu impacto na construção da identidade profissional da enfermagem. Métodos: pesquisa qualitativa, retrospectiva, descritiva e documental, com 51 reportagens da Folha de São Paulo. Recorte temporal de março a dezembro de 2020. Análise de Conteúdo Temática foi realizada sob a perspectiva teórica de Claude Dubar. Organização e codificação dos dados foram realizados com o auxílio do software ATLAS.ti®. Resultados: emergiram três categorias: Condições de trabalho na pandemia - um problema que se agravou; Impactos da pandemia no cotidiano de trabalho; Sentimentos gerados pela pandemia. Conclusões: apesar de adversidades, como precariedade das instituições de saúde, condições inadequadas de trabalho das enfermeiras, falta de itens básicos de proteção individual, dos sentimentos negativos e desesperança, essas profissionais utilizaram seus conhecimentos, habilidades e inovações no ato de cuidar, o que contribuiu para a reconstrução de sua identidade profissional.